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991.
992.
Charter value is important in the banking industry because of its ability to reduce the moral hazard incentives that result from government-provided deposit insurance. Previous research suggests that geographic deregulation in the 1970s and 1980s increased competition and eroded charter values. Yet, a common proxy for charter value, Tobin's Q, increased significantly in the 1990s and beyond even as bank deregulation continued. We show that Tobin's Q is a poor cardinal measure of charter value though it still has merit as an ordinal measure. Our findings suggest that charter value has been declining through time, contributing to the increase in risk-taking that led to the subprime financial crisis. 相似文献
993.
The Global Economic Ethic Manifesto (“Manifesto”) is a moral framework/code of conduct which is both interactive and interdependent
with the economic function of the main institutions of the economic system: markets, governments, civil society, and supranational
organizations, which lays out a common fundamental vision of what is legitimate, just, and fair in economic activities. The
Manifesto includes five universally accepted principles and values: the principle of humanity; the basic values of non-violence
and respect for life; the basic values of justice and humanity; the basic values of honesty and tolerance; and the basic values
of mutual esteem and partnership. We posit that the Manifesto provides an ethical foundation for explicitly assisting multinational
enterprise's (“MNE”) executive management and boards of directors to meet the moral failures criticisms associated with the
expansion of global capitalism, and similarly how the U.N. Global Compact (“Compact”) is focused on addressing complimentary
market and institutional failures. In this article, we argue how the Compact and the Manifesto complement each other, explaining
how the policies and guidelines of the Compact can now be implemented at the organizational/individual level through a comprehensive
human resource management (HRM) plan supporting the ethical framework of the Manifesto. Finally, we have described how the
Manifesto completes a comprehensive managerial framework (consisting of both the Compact and the Manifesto) for what we term
an “MNE Moral Values-Based Corporate Governance Model.” Ultimately, further research is needed in understanding how much impact
external and internal influences make on creating a sustainable ethical culture in MNEs. 相似文献
994.
The moral ideology of banking and insurance employees in Spain was examined along with supervisor role modeling and ethics-related
policies and procedures for their association with ethical behavioral intent. In addition to main effects, we found evidence
supporting that the person–situation interactionist perspective in supervisor role modeling had a stronger positive relationship
with ethical intention among employees with relativist moral ideology. Also as hypothesized, formal ethical polices and procedures
were positively related to ethical intention among those with universal beliefs, but the relationship was much weaker among
relativists. Thus, firms wishing to optimally promote ethical attitudes and behavior must tailor their organization-based
initiatives to the individual characteristics of their employees. 相似文献
995.
CSR and Service Brand: The Mediating Effect of Brand Identification and Moderating Effect of Service Quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article examines the mediation effect of brand identification and the moderating effect of service quality (SQ) on the
effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) association on service brand performance. A survey of customers of mobile
telecommunications services was conducted. The study finds, first, that both CSR and SQ have direct effects on brand identification
and customer satisfaction and indirect effects on customer satisfaction (via brand identification) and on service brand loyalty
(via customer satisfaction and via “brand identification/customer satisfaction”). Second, SQ enhances the effect of CSR on
brand identification. This study contributes to the literature by incorporating three perspectives of service brand performance
– CSR association, SQ, and brand identification – into one general framework that stresses (a) the mediating role of brand
identification in predicting customer satisfaction and service brand loyalty; and (b) the interactive effect of CSR and SQ
in predicting brand identification. 相似文献
996.
We investigate the performance and risk of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) equity funds in the Australian market and
find no significant difference between the returns of SRI and conventional funds. In an extension to prior literature, we
examine the impact of the number of positive, negative and total screens funds impose on performance and risk. We find little
evidence of positive or negative screening impacting total return, but find weak evidence that funds with more screens overall
provide better risk-adjusted performance. Positive screening significantly reduces funds’ risk. However, negative screening
significantly increases risk and reduces funds’ abilities to form diversified portfolios. 相似文献
997.
For many years, researchers and practitioners have sought out meaningful indicators of sales performance. Yet, as the concept
of performance has broadened, the understanding of what makes up a successful seller, has become far more complicated. The
complexity of buyer–seller relationships has changed therefore as the definition of sales performance has expanded, cultivating
a growing interest in ethical/unethical actions since they could potentially have impacts on sales performance. Given this
environment, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of moral judgment on sales performance and sellers engaging
in a customer-oriented selling approach. Specifically, by utilizing a sample of 345 business-to-business salespeople, this
study examines the relationships between moral judgment, customer-oriented selling, and outcome and behavior based performance.
Results, managerial implications, and opportunities for future research are provided. 相似文献
998.
The Impact of Ethical Ideologies,Moral Intensity,and Social Context on Sales-Based Ethical Reasoning
Previous research indicates that ethical ideologies, issue-contingencies, and social context can impact ethical reasoning
in different business situations. However, the manner in which these constructs work together to shape different steps of
the ethical decision-making process is not always clear. The purpose of this study was to address these issues by exploring
the influence of idealism and relativism, perceived moral intensity in a decision-making situation, and social context on
the recognition of an ethical issue and ethical intention. Utilizing a sales-based scenario and multiple ethics measures included
on a self-report questionnaire, data were collected from a regional sample of business students, most of whom had modest work
experience. The results indicated that perceived moral intensity was associated with increased ethical issue recognition and
ethical intention. Idealism was also associated with increased ethical issue recognition, and relativism was associated with
decreased ethical intention. Social consensus was positively related to ethical issue recognition and intention, while competitive
context was inversely related to ethical intention. Finally, ethical issue recognition was associated with increased ethical
intention. Idealism, moral intensity, social consensus, and work experience worked together as predictors of ethical issue
recognition, whereas recognition of an ethical issue, relativism, moral intensity, social consensus, and competitive context
worked together to predict ethical intention. 相似文献
999.
Seraphim Voliotis 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(4):537-562
Organizational corruption has recently attracted considerable scholarly attention, especially since its devastating effects
following recent major corporate scandals, the worldwide economic crisis of 2009, and the current European Union monetary
crisis. This paper is based on the analysis of three distinct, yet contextually related, case studies in a European Union
member state: (a) an incident of corruption by a minister in an adjudicative role, (b) widespread financial misreporting and
perjury within an organization, and (c) abuse of due process and obstruction of justice by civil servants within a ministry.
These cases serve to illustrate, for the first time, Aguilera and Vadera’s (in J Bus Ethics 77:431–449, 2008) framework of organizational corruption, which relates distinct types of a corrupter’s opportunity, motivation, and justification
with the type of corruption present in the organization. Furthermore, the data suggest how the framework may be extended and
reveal conceptual issues that require reconciliation. This study attempts such reconciliations and offers some suggestions
on how the findings may be utilized by policy reformers or corruption controllers. 相似文献
1000.